Do perceived economic constraints affect performance voting?

One of the purported effects international integration is that voters are less able, or willing, to punish reward incumbents for economic performance: since governments able influence outcomes, considerations weigh at ballot box. This would have serious implications democratic legitimacy. Yet balancing demands hypothesis predicts compensate this by judging on non-economic performance instead. In article, theory critiqued theoretically and empirically, putting it test one first times individual level using 2019 Belgian Election Study. Combining perceptions policy across six issue areas with novel survey items which measure constraints, shown whilst voting does occur, there no support hypothesis. Voting based in remains largely unrelated constraints.Supplemental data article can be accessed online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1953850 .